Former Deputy Prime Minister & Minister of Finance 2007-2013. In 2011-2015, Member of Polish Parliament, in 2015, appointed Head of the Economic Council (Ewa Kopacz Government). Since 2015, Professor at the CEU in Budapest & Vienna. Since 2016, Professor at the Paris School of International Affairs, Sciences Po. Since 2014, Member of the Aspen European Strategy Group, since 2016, Euro50 Group in Paris. Since 2018, Senior Adviser at Invesco, London. Since 2020, Member of the Task Force on Carbon Pricing in Europe. Before 2007, along his academic career, Senior Adviser to the Minister of Finance, the Governor of the National Bank of Poland & the Management Board of Pekao Bank.